Sciatica is the name of a pain that starts from the buttocks down the back of your legs. Normally it occurs because of a pinched nerve. This sciatic nerve has a length of almost one inch and is located in the buttocks. The nerve is made up of various spinal nerves. This sciatic nerve has the responsibility of controlling the muscles that are at the back of your knee and the lower leg. The purpose of this nerve is to provide sensation at the back of your thigh, at the foot sole, and the lower area of the leg. The Sciatica pain is not exactly a problem with a sciatic nerve, but it usually happens by the nerve that is pinched due to other causes like herniated disc or bone spur. People who are in their middle ages are at much greater risk, and it is often the result of the natural progressive degenerative process.
Problems that arise because of pinching of sciatic nerve are usually diagnosed as radiculopathy. It means that a disc has moved from its usual position and it exerting pressure on the radicular nerve that is linked with the sciatic nerve. This result in the pain referred to as sciatica.
Direct trauma or pressure on sciatic nerve that occurs from nearby body parts and excessive external pressures on the nerve may result in this pain. If the nerve goes through a narrow structure, the pressure exerted on it may cause sciatica. The damage eventually slows down the impulses transmission through the nerve and hence causes pain.
Diabetes or other systemic ailments normally bring damage to various different nerves, including this sciatic nerve. The damage caused to sciatic nerve can also be due to pressure from abscesses or tumors, or bleeding in the pelvic area.
To diagnose sciatica pain is usually easy but finding out the exact cause of this pain is a little hard. This is because the cause of sciatica can be anywhere in the path of the nerve from the spinal cord down to the backside of the knee.
This comprises of spinal stenosis (spinal canal narrowing), spinal disc herniation that exerts pressure on the nerve origins at the spine, piriformis syndrome (tightness and inflammation in a tiny muscle underneath the gluteus), pregnancy (the joints become softer and moreover the uterus can exert pressure on the nerve). Bearing in mind the array of diagnostic odds, it is very vital to have a qualified health care professional majoring in the spine to examine this problem.
It does not really matter which symptom causes sciatica in you, spinal stenosis, herniated disc, or any other, it is really important that you discuss the pain with your doctor and start its treatment as soon as possible. A number of these conditions apart from pregnancy, if left unattended may lead to permanent damage of the nerve, loss of movement in the leg that is affected, loss of feeling in the leg, or even loss of bladder or bowel function.